Just a follow up to this....the BAQ designer does have built-in functions for calculated fields called FiscalYear and FiscalPeriod, that you apply to whatever date field you want to convert. They reference the Fiscal Calendar that exists for the company in question.
They work, but they noticeably slow down the BAQ execution.
BTW, the UD table idea worked, but it also slowed the BAQ...probably more so than the FiscalYear and FiscalPeriod built in conversions.